人间正道是沧桑Reuters videographer killed in southern Lebanon by Israeli shelling laid to rest_我的网站
一 | 为什么高原地区离太阳更近，反而却更冷？ 我发现这个简单的问题，直到今天还是互联网的热门话题。
二 | 我们可以在网上轻松找到解释，但是我发现大部分解释都没有说到本质，都只是解释了一下空气热量的获取方式，不是太阳而是地表。 KHIAM, Lebanon -- A Reuters videographer killed in Israeli shelling of southern Lebanon was laid to rest in his hometown Saturday in a funeral procession attended by hundreds of people.Draped in a Lebanese flag, Issam Abdallah’s body was carried on a stretcher through the streets of the southern town of Khiam, from his family’s home to the local cemetery.Dozens of journalists and Lebanese lawmakers attended the funeral.Abdallah was killed Friday evening near the village of Alma al-Shaab in south Lebanon when an Israeli shell landed on a gathering of international journalists covering exchange of fire along the border between Israeli troops and members of Lebanon’s militant Hezbollah group. The Lebanese army said in a statement Saturday that Israeli troops fired a shell the day before hitting a civilian car used by journalists killing Abdallah and wounding others. The army said that other areas in south Lebanon at the time were targeted by an Israeli helicopter gunship and artillery, including the outskirts of the villages of Marwaheen, Kfar Chouba, Aita al-Shaab and Odaisseh.Lebanon’s Foreign Ministry asked Beirut’s mission to the United Nations to file a complaint against Israel over Friday’s shelling, calling it a “flagrant violation and a crime against freedom of opinion and press.” The statement was carried by the state-run National News Agency.Israeli military spokesperson Lt. Col. Richard Hecht told The Associated Press in Jerusalem on Saturday, “We are aware of the incident with the Reuters journalist and we are looking into it.”Hecht did not confirm that the journalists had been hit by Israeli shells, but called the incident “tragic,” adding, “we’re very sorry for his death.”Reuters said in a statement that two of its journalists, Thaer Al-Sudani and Maher Nazeh, were wounded in the same shelling, while Qatar’s Al-Jazeera TV said its cameraman Elie Brakhya and reporter Carmen Joukhadar, were wounded as well.France’s international news agency, Agence France-Presse, said two of its journalists were also wounded. They were identified as photographer Christina Assi, and video journalist Dylan Collins.AFP reported Saturday that Assi was in need of blood transfusions at the American University Medical Center in Beirut where she was hospitalized. The Lebanon-Israel border has been witnessing sporadic acts of violence since Saturday's surprise attack by the militant Palestinian group Hamas on southern Israel.Journalists from various countries have been flocking to Lebanon to monitor the situation.。 这种解释看似没错，但是有很多歧义，所以很多人可能确实不好理解。 要想用最简单、最容易让人理解的方式回答这个问题，其实我们只要找到高原地区和低海拔地区到底有什么不同就可以了。 当然，这种不同肯定不是海拔高，离太阳近啊，相比于地球到太阳1.5亿公里的距离，珠穆朗玛峰的高度都可以忽略不计。 两者真正的不同是空气密度，高海拔地区空气相对稀薄，低海拔地区则空气密度大。
三 | 所以，导致高原更冷的本质原因就是那里空气稀薄，没有什么其它的了。 所以这个问题正确的问法应该是，为什么空气稀薄会导致气温更低？ 要回答这个问题，我们就要知道空气到底是如何获取温度的。
四 | 首先，对流层的空气确实不是被太阳加热的，太阳照射到地球的光基本是短波辐射，也就是可见光到紫外线的部分。 对流层的大气成分对短波辐射几乎就是透明的，所以太阳光是穿过大气直接加热了地表。 但是被太阳加热后的地表，它也会向外发出辐射，这种辐射主要就是红外线为主的长波辐射。 对流层的空气成分主要是氮气和氧气，其实这两种气体分子不仅基本无法吸收太阳的短波辐射，它们也基本无法吸收地面发射出去的长波辐射。
五 | 真正让对流层空气获得温度的是水蒸气、二氧化碳、甲烷等气体。 这些气体有一个共同名字，叫做温室气体，它们吸收了地面的辐射之后，就会被加热，而它们被加热后又会向外发出热辐射，从而加热周围环境。 我们理一理哈，太阳加热的是地面，然后地面加热温室气体，温室气体加热了周围环境，这就是气温的由来。
六 | 那些空气稀薄的地方，温室气体的浓度也相应得很低。 由于空气稀薄，高原地区的地面其实更容易被太阳加热，但是轮到地面发出长波辐射时，那里缺少水蒸气、二氧化碳、甲烷等气体来承接，所以大部分辐射都直接射向太空，而不是变成气温。 所以自然就是更冷了，这些地区还有一个特点就是昼夜温差很大。 现在我们知道，靠近地表的空气会更热，但是热空气会上升，而高处的冷空气会下沉，这就是对流层的由来。
七 | 那么更有趣的问题是，上升的热空气为什么不会导致高原地区的气温升高？还有为什么对流层没有无限延伸？ 为什么暖空气没有加热高原地区？ 空气是有重量的，同时可被压缩，所以在地球引力的作用下，越靠近地表空气密度就越大，海拔越高则空气越稀薄。
八 | 受热的空气会膨胀，密度减小从而上升，而它周围的相对冷的空气则正好相反，会下沉填充，热空气上升，冷空气下沉，这就形成了对流层。 但是，上升的热空气，随着气压的下降，膨胀得越发厉害，气体膨胀的过程会消耗自身内能，也就是会失去温度，这个就是膨胀降温。
九 | 地球上气体上升的膨胀降温速度非常激烈，越干燥的空气上升过程膨胀降温越厉害，平均而言，地球上每升高1000米膨胀降温6.5℃。 所以，海拔越高获得地面暖空气的气温就越少。 所以，整体下来高海地区还是更冷。 不过，热空气不会无限上升。
十 | 所以，虽然臭氧层比对流层海拔更高，但实际上那里的气温比下方的对流层更高。 对流层到了最顶部，气温已经低到-50℃ 到 -80℃，但是随着进入臭氧层，气温就开始随着海拔升高而升高，甚至在最高点可以达到0℃。 对流层的暖空气上升的本质是它的温度高于上方空气，但它到平流层后，空气温度已经低于上方的空气了，它自然就无法继续上升。 Current article:http://kdmdt.zongchaeiwengshuabaisisuofu.sbs/9fghfh/20260826/534585.html Published on:14:23:30 |
